The V4 Cooperation in Ensuring Cyber Security - Analysis and Recommendations publication is aimed at conducting scrutiny of the state of cyber security in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland, and at presenting recommendations that serve its reinforcement. Moreover, the publication includes the most important information on cyber space protection and a review of the actions in that area which are undertaken within NATO and the EU. It also constitutes a valuable material for the decision-makers who, on the basis of the presented analysis, have an opportunity to build proper political solutions. The publication serves as a source of knowledge for all those interested in new trends in the international security sphere.
Darmowy fragment publikacji:
V4 Cooperation in Ensuring Cyber Security
– Analysis and Recommendations
Tomas Rezek, Tomasz Szatkowski, Joanna Świątkowska,
Jozef Vyskoč, Maciej Ziarek
Editor: Joanna Świątkowska
V4 Cooperation in Ensuring Cyber Security
– Analysis and Recommendations
Tomas Rezek, Tomasz Szatkowski, Joanna Świątkowska,
Jozef Vyskoč, Maciej Ziarek
Editor: Joanna Świątkowska
If you appreciate the value of the presented Report as well as The Kosciuszko
Institute’s mission, we kindly encourage you to support our future publishing
initiatives by making a financial contribution to the association.
V4 Cooperation in Ensuring Cyber Security – Analysis and Recommendations
Tomas Rezek, Tomasz Szatkowski, Joanna Świątkowska, Jozef Vyskoč, Maciej Ziarek
Editor: Joanna Świątkowska
© The Kosciuszko Institute 2012. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not
to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted in the original language without
explicit permission provided that the source is acknowledged.
The publication is co-financed by
the International Visegrad Fund
(http://visegradfound.org)
Translation: Magdalena Wielgat (chapter 1), Marlena Dobosz (chapter 2),
Karolina Gucko (chapter 4), Renata Lasota (chapter 8)
Proofreading: Marlena Dobosz, Karolina Gucko, Bartosz Wójcik
Cover design, layout and typesetting: Małgorzata Kopecka
Print: Dante Media
The Kosciuszko Institute
ul. Lenartowicza 7/4
31-138 Kraków, Poland
e-mail: ik@ik.org.pl
telephone: +48 12 632 97 24
www.ik.org.pl
ISBN: 978-83-63712-07-5
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5
Selected Theses ....................................................................................................................... 7
1. Cyberthreats as a Challenge
to the Security of the Contemporary World ......................................................13
2. Systematisation of Key Cyberthreats ....................................................................21
3. Cyber Security in the Czech Republic ...................................................................31
4. Cyber Security in Poland ...........................................................................................41
5. Cyber Security in Slovakia .........................................................................................53
6. Cyber Security in Hungary ........................................................................................61
7. Cyber Security in the European Union:
Legal Aspects, Plans, Strategies, Actions ............................................................69
8. NATO Fighting Cyberthreats ...................................................................................77
Recommendations ...............................................................................................................83
Authors .....................................................................................................................................87
Introduction
Izabela Albrycht – Chairman of the Board
of the Kosciuszko Institute
Information and communications technology solutions influence every sphere of public and
private life and are responsible for the proper functioning of modern states. On one hand,
technological advancement has allowed an unprecedented development of civilisation. On
the other hand, however, it has led to emergence of new threats, which must become the
subject of actions and decisions of entities responsible for the security sphere.
Cyber security knows no boundries – state-level only solutions are not sufficient. In order
to meet the cyberthreats, international cooperation is necessary, and the regional alliances,
like the Visegrad Group, constitute a key component, while also being a complementation of
multilateral cooperation.
The main goal of this publication is to analyse the state of cyber security in Visegrad Group
countries and to present recommendations contributing to its strengthening. The Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland are members of the European Union and NATO.
Both of these entities have included the activities aimed at protection of cyber space in their
agendas. The publication, besides the analysis of activities conducted in this sphere by NATO
and the EU, also contains a presentation of possible areas of solidary activities of the Visegrad
Group, aimed at further strengthening of cyber security at the international level, as well as
within those organisations.
Furthermore, one of the essential purposes of the publication is to familiarise the readers with
basic information on cyber space protection and to make them realise how important this area
is, from the point of view of each citizen’s security. Public awareness of threats is a critical part
of prevention in the face of cyberthreats’ globalisation.
The publication, by the virtue of its parameters, discusses the most important issues related
to cyber security. Each of the chapters is a starting point for further, complex analyses,
nevertheless, it constitutes a good portion of knowledge for all interested by this topic and the
problems of the modern world security.
The views expressed in this publication are
those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect any views held by the Kosciuszko
Institute and the publication partners. They are
published as a contribution to public debate.
Authors are responsible for their own
opinions and contributions and the authors
do not necessarily support all of the
opinions made by others in the report.
All of the analyses are based on public information and focus on non-technical aspects of
cyber space protection. The advantage of such approach is accessibility of the text and the
possibility to capture the political science’s aspect of the cyber security issue. Due to such
perspective, the publication is a valuable and useful document for decision-makers, who, on
the basis of its recommendations, may address the proper political solutions – both national
and international. The report is also a source of practical knowledge for everyone interested in
new trends in the field of international security.
While thanking our Partners for cooperation in preparation of the report, I invite you to
familiarise yourselves with its contents, and to discuss the issue of cyber security, which has
to become, next to economic, energy and military security, a key component of security
strategies of particular countries and our “global village”.
6
Izabela Albrycht
Selected Theses
The Kosciuszko Institute
*
Cyberthreats as a Challenge to the Security of the Contemporary World
Author: Joanna Świątkowska
We currently live in a world where functioning and development of individuals, states
and international organisations are based on the use of information and communication
technology (ICT) systems. (…) As a result of technological development, apart from significant
benefits, there have appeared new types of threats that have to be faced by the international
community. One of the most important challenges confronted by states and other entities is
to ensure the security of cyber space.
Cyberthreats have revolutionised the way people think about security, they have destroyed
the old paradigms concerning the methods of its ensuring and modified the rules that govern
international conflicts.
The main dangers related to cyber space are: cybercrime, cyberterrorism and cyberwar.
The above described problems can be overcome only through international and intersectoral
cooperation. (…) On this assumption, one of the goals of the present publication is to draw
attention to the fact that cyber security should be a common objective, also for the Visegrad
Group countries.
Systematisation of Key Cyberthreats
Author: Maciej Ziarek
Since the Internet has become a medium used in almost every domain of life, a risk that it
may be used by cybercriminals for conducting attacks and getting illegal profits increases
(…). Computer and mobile malware, spam and botnets are clearly part and parcel of the
present-day Internet.
Botnets, (…) are networks of infected computers whose owners have no idea that their
machines have been attacked. Such an infected computer is commonly termed as a zombie
machine. (…) Its use depends on the intentions of its author who is nothing more than a
cybercriminal.
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